Beginner's Guide to Understanding Port and Starboard
In the vast expanse of the ocean, clear communication is paramount. To ensure unambiguous directions aboard vessels, mariners use the terms "port" and "starboard" instead of the more relative "left" and "right."
When facing the bow (front) of a vessel:
- Port: The left side of the ship.
- Starboard: The right side of the ship.
These terms remain constant regardless of the observer's orientation, eliminating confusion during navigation and operations. For example, imagine you're a crewman of a two-masted boat, trying to find something a guest misplaced: something innocuous like sunglasses. You're facing a steward, and trying to explain that you think you last saw them on the deck. If you say 'left', whose left is it? Theirs? Yours? It's easy for orientation, especially below decks, to get confused. The words port and starboard effectively always refer to the ship's orientation, eliminating the issue altogether.
Historical Origins
Starboard
The term "starboard" originates from the Old English word steorbord, meaning "steering side." In early maritime history, ships were steered using a steering oar mounted on the right side of the stern, as most sailors were right-handed. This practice led to the right side being designated as the steering side, or starboard.
Port
Originally, the left side of a ship was referred to as "larboard," derived from the Middle English ladebord, meaning "loading side." However, due to the phonetic similarity between "larboard" and "starboard," which could lead to miscommunication, the term "port" was adopted. This change was formalized by the Royal Navy in the mid-19th century.
Navigational Significance
Understanding port and starboard is crucial for:
- Maneuvering: Coordinating movements and turns.
- Docking: Approaching ports and harbors safely.
- Emergency Responses: Providing clear directions during critical situations.
These terms are integral to the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), which standardize maritime navigation rules globally.
Color Associations
To aid in nighttime navigation and ensure visibility:
- Port Side: Marked with red lights.
- Starboard Side: Marked with green lights.
This color-coding helps mariners determine the orientation of other vessels, facilitating safe passage and collision avoidance.
Memory Aids
Here are some tips to remember which side is port and which is starboard:
- Alphabetical Order: "Port" and "left" both have four letters.
- Wine Reference: "Port" is a type of red wine, associating it with the red-colored port side.
- Mnemonic Phrase: "Is there any red port left?" combines the color red, the term port, and the direction left.
Just Think of It As The Ship's Left and Right Sides
Mastering the concepts of port and starboard is fundamental for anyone venturing into maritime activities. These terms provide a universal language for mariners, ensuring clarity and safety on the high seas.
